为比较不同聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝对相应碳纤维及其拉挤成型复合材料性能的影响,分析了两种原丝力学、含水率、含油率、沸水收缩率方面的性能,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示量热(DSC)、热重(TG)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段系统对比分析了两种原丝的差异,然后测试了对应的碳纤维及5mm厚拉挤成型复合材料碳板的性能。结果表明:Ⅰ号PAN原丝单丝强度高,松弛热定型好但致密性差、表面沟槽更明显,并且其原丝放热量和热反应温度低,热失重高;两种原丝红外特征峰近似;两种原丝通过预氧化、碳化等工艺调控可制备出性能一致的碳纤维,但由其拉挤成型制备的复合材料板材性能略有差异。

In order to compare the effects of different PAN precursors on the properties of the corresponding carbon fibers(CF) and their pultruded composites,the mechanical properties,water content,oil content and boiling water shrinkage of the two PAN fibers were analyzed.The difference of the two kinds of PAN fibers (Ⅰand Ⅱ)was analyzed by SEM,DSC,TG and FT-IR,and then tested the properties of the CF and the pultruded composite carbon plates with 5mm thick.The results showed that the strength,oil content and water content of Ⅰ PAN fiber were higher than that of Ⅱ fiber,but the boiling water shrinkage was lower than that of Ⅱ fiber.The surface grooves of Ⅰ PAN fiber were more obvious than that of Ⅱ fiber,the exothermic energy and thermal reaction temperature of Ⅰ PAN fiber were lower.The thermal weight loss was higher than that of Ⅱ fiber,so its pre oxidation was easier.The infrared characteristic peaks of the two kinds of the fibers were approximate.The CF with the same properties could be prepared by two kinds of PAN precursor through pre oxidation carbonization process,but the properties of the composite plate made by Ⅱ fiber were slightly higher than those of Ⅰ fiber.The tensile strength,compressive strength and flexural strength of the composite plate made by Ⅱ fiber were 1854MPa,1220MPa and 1141MPa,respectively.